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We found 3 types of food wasters, which one are you?

<p><em><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/trang-nguyen-1454838">Trang Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-adelaide-1119">University of Adelaide</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/patrick-oconnor-109973">Patrick O'Connor</a>, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-adelaide-1119">University of Adelaide</a></em></p> <p>Each year, Australian households discard about <a href="https://workdrive.zohopublic.com.au/external/06152b9ff5971843391f39fc4d32a847e56fb907c167a4a645887b0a4bc43000">2.5 million tonnes of food</a>. Most (73%) of this food waste <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652622042081">ends up in landfill</a>.</p> <p>This is costly and contributes to <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37118273/">escalating greenhouse gas emissions</a>, because food waste rotting in landfill produces methane. So reducing household food waste and diverting it from landfill saves money, improves food security and benefits the environment.</p> <p>To address the problem, we need to understand how people generate and dispose of food waste. In <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.105000">our new study</a>, we found households fell into three categories – based on the amount of food wasted, how much of that waste was avoidable and how it was sorted. These insights into consumer behaviour point to where the most worthwhile improvements can be made.</p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JvAFaD5f1Lo?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <h2>Three types of households</h2> <p>We conducted an online survey of 939 households in metropolitan Adelaide between April and May 2021.</p> <p>The sample closely matched the national Australian population in terms of gender, age and income.</p> <p>We asked about the types of food waste produced, the amount of food waste typically discarded in a week and motivations towards reducing and sorting food waste.</p> <p>We identified three distinct types of households:</p> <p><strong>Warriors</strong> are typically older and highly motivated to reduce and sort food waste. They generate minimal waste (9.6 litres per week), such as bones and vegetable peels, that is mostly unavoidable. This group comprised 39.6% of the sample.</p> <p><strong>Strugglers</strong> mainly consist of families with children who produce the largest amount of food waste (33.1 litres per week). They produce the highest proportion of avoidable food waste, such as uneaten fruits and vegetables, bread and cereals. They are moderately motivated to reduce and sort food waste, but more than half of their food waste still ends up in landfill. This group made up 19.6% of the sample.</p> <p><strong>Slackers</strong> are generally younger. They show little concern about reducing or sorting food waste. Slackers produce the smallest amount of food waste overall (9 litres a week), but the proportion of avoidable food waste (such as mixed leftovers) is significantly higher (38.9%) compared to warriors (24.5%). They are more than twice as likely to live in units, with 17.2% doing so, compared to just 7.8% of warriors. This group was 40.8% of the sample.</p> <figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=361&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=361&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=361&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=454&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=454&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/550951/original/file-20230928-27-f7cw8e.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=454&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w" alt="Graphic explainer showing the three types of households with their typical characteristics and food waste behaviours." /></a><figcaption><span class="caption">The three types of households with their typical characteristics and food waste behaviours.</span> <span class="attribution"><a class="source" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2023.105000">Trang Nguyen using Canva.com</a>, <a class="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">CC BY-NC-ND</a></span></figcaption></figure> <h2>What can households do about their food waste?</h2> <p>Reducing household food waste involves changing behaviours in both food management (“upstream”) and waste management (“downstream”).</p> <p>Upstream measures aim to prevent food waste in the first place. For example, households can avoid buying or cooking too much food. Supporting households to plan and buy just the right amount of food is a great starting point.</p> <p>Once food waste has been produced, downstream measures come into play. The focus shifts to how we handle and dispose of this waste.</p> <p>When households engage in food waste recycling they <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911099">start thinking more</a> about their behaviour including purchasing and cooking.</p> <p>In Australia, food waste management is mainly the responsibility of local councils.</p> <p>There are three ways to target household food waste management and drive behavioural change:</p> <ul> <li> <p>providing kerbside collection of food organics and garden organics, also known as “FOGO”</p> </li> <li> <p>changing social norms around food waste</p> </li> <li> <p>offering economic incentives and disincentives.</p> </li> </ul> <h2>1. Providing a FOGO system</h2> <p>Councils should provide this option at a minimum. This ensures sufficient infrastructure is available to support motivated households to sort food waste.</p> <p>Unfortunately <a href="https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/e6b5c78e1dac47f88e7e475ffacfc49b">fewer than half of Australian councils</a> provide a garden organics system and only a quarter of councils provide a FOGO system.</p> <p>You can explore <a href="https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/e6b5c78e1dac47f88e7e475ffacfc49b">the FOGO interactive map</a> to see how your area stacks up.</p> <p><a href="https://www.greenindustries.sa.gov.au/resources/adelaide-metro-kerbside-waste-performance-report-2021-22">Most councils in metropolitan Adelaide</a> provide access to food waste recycling through the FOGO bin. But <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134636">our research</a> indicates more than half of household food waste still ends up in landfill. So we need additional programs to promote more sustainable behaviours.</p> <h2>2. Changing social norms</h2> <p>Social norms, the unspoken rules about what behaviours are deemed appropriate, can drive behavioural change.</p> <p>Examples of promoting social norms around food waste reduction include a <a href="https://www.stopfoodwaste.com.au/stop-food-waste-nationwide-consumer-campaign-summit-communique/">nationwide consumer campaign</a> on stopping food waste and the <a href="https://www.cityofadelaide.com.au/resident/recycling-waste/kitchen-caddies/">kitchen caddy</a> for benches to increase convenience for collecting food waste.</p> <p>But our research suggests some groups, like slackers, remain unmotivated without additional incentives. Economic incentives might motivate this group to engage in more sustainable behaviours.</p> <h2>3. Economic incentives</h2> <p>Currently, Australians pay for waste management through their council rates. This is a “pay-as-you-own” system.</p> <p>The cost is determined by the property’s value, regardless of the amount of waste generated. Renters indirectly contribute to this cost by paying rent.</p> <p>Neither owner-occupiers nor renters have any incentive to reduce waste generation when the cost is levied on property value rather than the amount of waste.</p> <p>An alternative approach gaining momentum in other parts of the world is the “pay-as-you-throw” approach, such as <a href="https://www.collectors2020.eu/wcs-ppw/stockholm-se/">Stockholm</a> and <a href="https://pocacito.eu/sites/default/files/WasteCharging_Taipei.pdf">Taipei</a>. This system charges households based on the weight of their waste, usually the general waste that needs to be discarded in landfill, while the collection of food waste and other recyclables remains free to encourage waste sorting.</p> <p>Recent <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137363">research</a> in Italy shows pay-as-you-throw schemes result in significant reductions in both the quantity of waste and costs associated with waste disposal in many Italian municipalities.</p> <p>The reduced costs flow on to savings for councils that could potentially reduce waste management fees passed on to homeowners and renters through council rates. Giving households incentives to reduce waste and find alternatives to disposal encourages residents to place a higher value on food that may otherwise be sent to landfill.</p> <h2>Reducing food waste is a win-win</h2> <p>Tackling food waste is a win-win for people and the planet. It’s worth using various approaches to encourage people to change their behaviour.</p> <p>Our findings can help inform the design of interventions aimed at reducing and sorting food waste in specific segments of the Australian population.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/214482/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <figure><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Dx7RWtfgbVw?wmode=transparent&amp;start=11" width="440" height="260" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"></iframe><figcaption><span class="caption">No time to waste: Halving Australia’s food waste by 2030 (Fight Food Waste Cooperative Research Centre)</span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/trang-nguyen-1454838"><em>Trang Nguyen</em></a><em>, Postdoctoral Fellow, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-adelaide-1119">University of Adelaide</a> and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/patrick-oconnor-109973">Patrick O'Connor</a>, Associate Professor, <a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-adelaide-1119">University of Adelaide</a></em></p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/we-found-3-types-of-food-wasters-which-one-are-you-214482">original article</a>.</em></p>

Food & Wine

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15 great kitchen hacks to extend the life of food and save on waste

<p>If you’re sick of throwing food in the bin (and wasting money), try these simple tips to reduce your wastage in the kitchen.         </p> <p><strong>1. Use food scraps to grow vegetables</strong></p> <p>Save the odds and ends from veggies such as potatoes, sweet potatoes, leeks, spring onions, celery, bok choy, garlic and even onions. These can all be replanted in some soil and will grow back. Just don’t forget to water them.</p> <p><strong>2. Reheat leftover slices of pizza in a frying pan</strong></p> <p>If you aren’t a fan of floppy microwaved pizza, just pop your pizza into a hot fry pan instead. Your crusts will stay crispy and it will heat through much faster than it would in the oven.</p> <p><strong>3. Bring stale potato chips back to life in the microwave</strong></p> <p>If you left the bag open overnight, fear not. Pop your stale chips in the microwave on high for 10 seconds or until crisp.</p> <p><strong>4. Use leftover herbs to make herb butter</strong></p> <p>If your herbs are on the turn, just chop them up and mix with some melted butter. Pop it into some ice cube trays and freeze. Then you can enjoy the perfect portion of herb butter to use on your steak or to make homemade garlic bread.</p> <p><strong>5. Keep bananas fresher by wrapping the tips</strong></p> <p>If you want your bananas to last longer in the fruit bowl, just wrap their tips with some cling film. They should keep for around three to five days longer.</p> <p><strong>6. Keep greens fresher in foil</strong></p> <p>Celery, broccoli, and lettuce all last much longer in the fridge if you wrap them in foil first.</p> <p><strong>7. Keep pineapples sweet by storing upside down</strong></p> <p>The sugars in this fruit can all end up on the bottom after the time spent in transit. So keep your pineapple upside down when you get home and the sweetness will be redistributed evenly.</p> <p><strong>8. Use a glass to peel a mango</strong></p> <p>You can use a glass to slide the skin off your mango. This will avoid wasting any fruit that you’d normally toss after peeling with a knife.</p> <p><strong>9. Make a two-ingredient Nutella milkshake</strong></p> <p>When you need a sweet treat but you’re nearly out of Nutella, just add warm milk to the jar and shake well.</p> <p><strong>10. Avoid sprouting potatoes by storing them with apples</strong></p> <p>The ethylene gas in the apples helps to stop your potatoes from sprouting.</p> <p><strong>11. Keep leftover avocado fresh by storing it with a sliced onion</strong></p> <p>There is sulfur in the onion and this keeps the avocado from going brown.</p> <p><strong>12. Keep cake fresh by covering with sliced bread</strong></p> <p>Cover the exposed cake with some bread held in place with toothpicks and it will stay soft.</p> <p><strong>13. Extend the life of your eggs with vegetable oil</strong></p> <p>By rubbing the eggshells with vegetable oil it will keep them fresher in the fridge for three to four weeks.</p> <p><strong>14. Keep lettuce fresh by storing in a brown paper bag</strong></p> <p>No more sad and limp leaves! Keep your lettuce wrapped in a brown paper bag in the fridge. Plus, keeping the outer layers in place even if they have gone brown will keep the inside fresher for longer.</p> <p><strong>15. Reuse coffee grounds in the garden</strong></p> <p>Plants such as roses, hydrangeas, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries and tomatoes will all appreciate a liberal sprinkling of your used coffee grounds.</p> <p><strong>Related links:</strong></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/home-garden/2015/12/stains-never-to-clean-with-water/">4 stains you shouldn’t use water to clean</a></em></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/home-garden/2015/12/household-tricks-from-the-1900s-2/">More great vintage household tricks from the 1900s</a></em></strong></span></p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><em><a href="http://www.oversixty.co.nz/lifestyle/home-garden/2015/12/alternatives-to-wrapping-paper/">8 DIY alternatives to wrapping paper</a></em></strong></span></p>

Home Hints & Tips

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Mediterranean diet associated with big reduction in the risk of heart disease and dementia

<p><span style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;">Further scientific evidence of the benefits of a “Mediterranean diet” on health have been published this week, extolling the virtues of fruit, veggies, nuts and even a little wine.</span></p> <div class="copy"> <p>In one Australian-led <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/%20heartjnl-2022-321930" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">review</a> researchers found women who closely followed a Mediterranean diet were associated with up to 24% lower risk of cardiovascular disease and up to 23% lower risk of death from any cause.</p> <p>This is the first study to examine the association between the Mediterranean diet, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in women specifically, and is published in the journal <em>Heart.</em></p> <p>A <a href="https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-023-02772-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UK study</a> in <em>BMC Medicine</em> has also found that men and women with a strict Mediterranean diet had up to 23% lower risk for developing dementia in comparison with those with the lowest level of adherence to the diet.</p> <p>The Mediterranean diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, wholegrains, and olive oil; moderate in fish and shellfish; low to moderate in wine; and low in red meat and processed meats, dairy products, animal fat, and processed foods.</p> <p>Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term that includes heart, stroke, and blood vessel diseases, and was the <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/heart-stroke-vascular-diseases/hsvd-facts/contents/about" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">underlying cause</a> of one in four deaths in Australia in 2019.</p> <p>“The Mediterranean diet is known for its health benefits, especially for heart health, but most studies and research into diet and heart disease are done primarily in men,” says Anushriya Pant, University of Sydney PhD candidate at the Westmead Applied Research Centre (WARC) and first author of the <em>Heart</em> paper.</p> <p>The study analysed pooled data from 16 studies published between 2006 and 2021, involving over 722,000 female participants aged 18 and above who followed the Mediterranean diet and whose cardiovascular health was monitored for an average of 12.5 years.</p> <p>The researchers found that the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and death applied to women of all ethnicities..</p> <p>“Now we have confirmed that similar benefits apply for women’s dietary guidelines, and this reflects the strength of the Mediterranean diet for good heart health,” adds Pant.</p> <p>“In medical research, there are sex disparities in how clinical trials are designed. This creates large gaps in clinical data, which can potentially impact the development of health advice. Our work is a step towards addressing this gap.”</p> <p>The researchers acknowledge some limitations to their findings. All studies analysed were observational – so could only establish an association, not causation, between the Mediterranean diet and lowered risk of cardiovascular disease and death – and relied on self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Adjustments for potentially influencing factors also varied across the studies.</p> <p>The second study into dementia is equally supportive of the diet guidelines.</p> <p>UK scientists analysed data from 60,298 individuals from the <a href="https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">UK Biobank</a> – a large-scale biomedical database containing genetic and health information from half a million UK participants – who completed a dietary assessment.</p> <p>Participants were followed for nine years, during which there were 882 cases of dementia.</p> <p>The researchers scored individuals based on how closely their diet matched the key features of a Mediterranean one, while taking into account their genetic risk for dementia.</p> <p>The authors say the findings indicate that, even for those with a higher genetic risk for dementia, having a better diet could reduce the likelihood of developing the condition.</p> <p>“Dementia impacts the lives of millions of individuals throughout the world, and there are currently limited options for treating this condition,” says Dr Oliver Shannon, a lecturer in Human Nutrition and Ageing at Newcastle University, and first author of the study.</p> <p> “Finding ways to reduce our risk of developing dementia is, therefore, a major priority for researchers and clinicians.</p> <p> “Our study suggests that eating a more Mediterranean-like diet could be one strategy to help individuals lower their risk of dementia.”</p> <p>The authors caution that there are limitations to this study, including that their analysis is limited to individuals who self-reported their ethnic background as white, British, or Irish, as only genetic data based on European ancestry was available.</p> <p>Further research is needed in a range of populations to determine the potential benefit for all people.</p> <p>In 2022, it was estimated that there were 401,300 <a href="https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/dementia/dementia-in-aus/contents/summary" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Australians living with dementia</a>. With an ageing and growing population this number is predicted to more than double to 849,300 people by 2058.</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=239397&amp;title=Mediterranean+diet+associated+with+big+reduction+in+the+risk+of+heart+disease+and+dementia" width="1" height="1" data-spai-target="src" data-spai-orig="" data-spai-exclude="nocdn" /></div> <div id="contributors"> <p><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/mediterranean-diet-heart-dementia/">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/imma-perfetto">Imma Perfetto</a>. </p> <p><em>Image credit: Shutterstock</em></p> </div>

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How ‘ugly’ fruit and vegetables could tackle food waste and solve supermarket supply shortages

<p>The world is facing a significant food waste problem, with <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/i4068e/i4068e.pdf">up to half of all fruit and vegetables</a> lost somewhere along the agricultural food chain. Globally, around <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/ca6030en/ca6030en.pdf">14% of food produced</a> is lost after harvesting but before it reaches shops and supermarkets.</p> <p>Alongside food prices (66%), food waste is a concern for 60% of people that participated in a <a href="https://www.food.gov.uk/research/food-and-you-2/food-and-you-2-wave-5">recent survey</a> published by the UK Food Standards Agency. <a href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmenvfru/429/429.pdf">Other research</a> suggests that as much as 25% of apples, 20% of onions and 13% of potatoes grown in the UK are destroyed because they don’t look right. This means that producers’ efforts to meet stringent specifications from buyers can lead to <a href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmenvfru/429/429.pdf">perfectly edible produce being discarded</a> before it even leaves the farm – simply because of how it looks.</p> <p>Aside from the ongoing environmental implications of this food waste, UK shoppers currently face <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/04/food-tsar-blames-shortages-on-uks-weird-supermarket-culture">produce rationing in some supermarkets</a> due to <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/02/28/british-supermarkets-are-rationing-fruit-and-vegetables-amid-shortages.html">shortages of items like tomatoes, cucumbers and raspberries</a>. Any solutions that increase locally grown produce on shop shelves could improve the availability of fresh food, particularly in urban areas.</p> <p>When imperfect fruit and vegetables don’t make it to supermarket shelves, it can be due to <a href="https://cases.open.ubc.ca/insistence-on-cosmetically-perfect-fruits-vegetables/">cosmetic standards</a>. Supermarkets and consumers often prefer produce of a fairly standard size that’s free of blemishes, scars and other imperfections. This means fruit and vegetables that are misshapen, discoloured, or even too small or too large, are rejected before they make it to supermarket shelves.</p> <p>In recent years there has been a growing trend of selling such “ugly” fruit and vegetables, both by <a href="https://my.morrisons.com/wonky-fruit-veg/">major</a> <a href="https://www.waitrose.com/ecom/content/sustainability/food-waste">supermarket</a> <a href="https://www.tescoplc.com/news/2021/wonky-veg-5th-anniversary/">chains</a>, as well as <a href="https://wonkyvegboxes.co.uk/">speciality</a> <a href="https://www.misfitsmarket.com/?exp=plans_rollback">retailers</a> that sell <a href="https://www.oddbox.co.uk/">boxes</a> of <a href="https://etepetete-bio.de/">wonky produce</a>. And research has shown that 87% of people say they would <a href="https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fruit-and-veg/nearly-90-of-consumers-would-eat-wonky-fruit-and-veg-according-to-new-survey/670155.article">eat wonky fruit and vegetables if they were available</a>. But other research indicates consumers can still be picky and difficult to predict. One study <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950329316302002?via%3Dihub">showed</a> consumers are likely to throw away an apple with a spot, but would eat a bent cucumber.</p> <h2>Getting ugly produce into baskets</h2> <p>So how can producers and retailers boost the amount of non-standard fruit and veg that not only reaches our shelves, but also our plates? <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377221723000668">Our recent research</a> suggests a separate channel for selling ugly produce would increase profits for growers, lower prices for consumers and boost overall demand for produce.</p> <p>For growers, a dedicated channel – either independent or set up by a supermarket – to supply wonky fruit and veg creates a new line of business. For retailers, this provides an opportunity for further revenue over and above current sales of standard produce to shops. When selling both types of product to a single retailer, the ugly items might be undervalued compared with the standard-looking products. Our research also shows that selling the ugly produce through a dedicated channel is likely to increase total demand for fruit and vegetables, while also decreasing on-farm loss.</p> <p>Having two parallel channels for selling produce (the main one and the dedicated “ugly” channel) would increase competition. This benefits shoppers by lowering prices for regular and ugly produce, versus selling both types of products alongside each other in one shop.</p> <p>On the other hand, the growing market for ugly fruit and vegetables could be an economic threat to traditional retailers. It encourages new entrants into the market and could also limit the availability of “regular” produce because growers could become less stringent about ensuring produce meets traditional cosmetic standards.</p> <p>But there is a way for traditional retailers to add ugly produce into their product offerings alongside other produce without affecting their profits. By building on existing consumer awareness of the environmental benefits of ugly food, they could also compete in this growing segment. This would benefit their bottom lines and help consumer acceptance of misshapen fruit and vegetables, possibly leading to less food waste and shortages like those UK shoppers are experiencing right now.</p> <p>Boosting demand for imperfect fruit and vegetables across the supply chain will require all participants to get involved – from grower to seller. Here are some steps the various parties could take:</p> <h2>1. Educating consumers</h2> <p>Education about the environmental and economic impact of food waste could happen through marketing campaigns, in-store displays and even social media.</p> <h2>2. Reducing cosmetic standards</h2> <p>Supermarkets and other major food retailers could revise their cosmetic standards to accept a wider range of produce, including imperfect fruit and vegetables. This would help reduce food waste by making sure more produce is able to be sold.</p> <h2>3. Direct sales</h2> <p>Farmers and growers could sell non-standard produce directly to consumers through farmers’ markets or subscription services. This allows consumers to purchase fresh, locally grown produce that might not meet cosmetic standards for supermarkets but that is just as nutritionally beneficial.</p> <h2>4. Food donations</h2> <p>Supermarkets and growers could donate produce rejected for how it looks to food banks, shelters and other organisations that serve those in need. This would help reduce food waste while also providing healthy food to those who might not otherwise have access to it.</p> <h2>5. Value-added products</h2> <p>Produce that doesn’t meet cosmetic standards could also be used to create other products such as soups, sauces and juices. In addition to reducing food waste, this would create new revenue streams for growers and retailers.</p> <h2>6. Food composting</h2> <p>Anything that cannot be sold or otherwise used should be composted. This would help reduce food waste while also creating nutrient-rich soil for future crops.</p> <p>By implementing these solutions, the supply chain can reduce the amount of ugly or imperfect fruit and vegetables that are wasted, while also providing consumers with healthy, affordable produce, even in times of supply chain shortages.</p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-ugly-fruit-and-vegetables-could-tackle-food-waste-and-solve-supermarket-supply-shortages-201216" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.</em></p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p>

Food & Wine

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10 things that are always a waste to pack

<p>All travellers know the hardships of packing the necessities for the trip ahead. And everyone knows how many things you haven’t actually used by the time you get home again – what a waste of precious space in your luggage.</p> <p>Here is a list of 10 things to not bother packing in your suitcase.</p> <p><strong>1. Shampoo and conditioner</strong></p> <p>You can purchase these items at the places you travel. If the locals have easy access to hair products then so will you. Hotels should provide little travel-sized minis which will last a few days. Travelling with liquids can also lead to delays at security check points.</p> <p><strong>2. Shoes</strong></p> <p>Don’t pack more than two pairs of shoes – they take up unnecessary weight and space. Ensure you have a comfortable pair of walking shoes and some shoes that are nice enough to go out in at restaurants and other events.</p> <p><strong>3. Jewellery</strong></p> <p>Don’t bring your favourite expensive jewellery, you are only human and can accidentally leave items behind in hotels or apartments. You could also increase your risk of becoming a target for pickpockets. Try swapping out your diamond earrings for some cheaper substitute studs while you’re away.</p> <p><strong>4. Laptop</strong></p> <p>Don’t bring your laptop. Unless you’re travelling for work, you probably don’t need to bring a computer on your holiday. You could also become a target for thieves while travelling if they notice you have an expensive technological device with you.</p> <p><strong>5. Swimming costume</strong></p> <p>Don’t bring more than two swimming costumes. They are easy to wash and having two on hand always ensures you have a dry one to wear for the next day. Just put the swimmers in the sink filled with cool water and add some mild detergent before rinsing and wringing out to dry.</p> <p><strong>6. Hair dryer </strong></p> <p>Hair dryers are heavy and bulky, so they aren’t the easiest thing to try and squeeze into your suitcase. Hairdryers are usually provided by hotels and although yours may be nicer, they both do the same job in the end.</p> <p><strong>7. Out of season clothing </strong></p> <p>Avoid packing out of season clothing – if you’re going on a summer holiday in Europe, you probably don’t need that heavy winter coat. The excuse for packing these unnecessary items is always “just in case,” but if the situation does arise where there is an uncharacteristic change in weather, you can always buy what you need to face the day.</p> <p><strong>8. Books </strong></p> <p>Turn to paperback books or electronic tablets instead of hardcover novels. The electronic tablets are most helpful as they can contain a whole library of book options without adding the weight of a library in your suitcase. Paperback books are good when you don’t have an electronic tablet, but maybe avoid packing seven books!</p> <p><strong>9. Traveller’s checks </strong></p> <p>Traveller’s checks aren’t used anymore. Although they were once the safeguard of money while on holidays, the traveller’s checks have gone out of style. It’s unlikely you will come across a place that will accept the checks, as these have been replaced by the use of ATMs for cash and the ability to use your debit and credit cards that don’t charge an international transaction fee.</p> <p><strong>10. Double-ups </strong></p> <p>Finally, don’t bring anything your travel partner is also packing. For instance, don’t pack more than one thing that can be shared. You don’t need two tubes of toothpaste, for instance!</p> <p><em>Images: Getty</em></p>

Travel Tips

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Ways you’re wasting money without knowing it

<p><strong>Airline fees</strong></p> <p>You’re paying extra for almost everything when you fly these days, from your bags to your seat. So be sure to compare not only the prices of flights but what they’re charging in extra fees. You may also want to weigh your bag before you go to avoid any additional charges.</p> <p><strong>Bank fees</strong></p> <p>Not keeping enough money in your bank account could cost you some serious cash. How much? ATM and other maintenance fees can also add up to $1,000 over ten years. To avoid them, look for banks with free ATMs that don’t charge monthly maintenance fees.</p> <p><strong>Buying things new</strong></p> <p>Sure, a shiny new car is tempting. But as soon as you drive it off the lot, the car loses 11 percent of its value. A better option? Opt for a reliable used car and a short-term loan you can pay off quickly. The same goes for electronics and other items.</p> <p><strong>Convenience foods</strong></p> <p>Pre-cut fruit and vegetables can save time, but they can also dent your wallet. Instead, buy food as close to its natural form as possible, and divide it up into portion sizes yourself.</p> <p>The same concept applies for all those fancy lattes. Even if you buy just three $5 drinks each week, that’s $780 per year. Over a decade, it’s $7,800.</p> <p><strong>Credit card interest</strong></p> <p>It’s not uncommon to be charged 20 percent annually, although some people face even steeper rates. If you carry $25,000 in debt, paying 20 percent on it will cost you a whopping $5,000 annually – just in interest. To avoid paying extra money for old debts, try the snowball method. Pay off the card with the lowest balance first, then move on to the next one.</p> <p><strong>Dry cleaning</strong></p> <p>A typical trip to the cleaners for your pants and shirts can cost you more than $10. With a weekly visit, that could add up to more than $500 per year. To save that money, clean your shirts in the delicate cycle in your washer or hand wash them.</p> <p><strong>Eating out</strong></p> <p>Going out to dinner with the family can be a nice treat, but doing it regularly really adds up. Instead of buying your lunch every day, save money by packing it. And before you go out, look for specials like coupons or happy hours or get entrees instead of full meals.</p> <p><strong>Extended warranties </strong></p> <p>Getting an extended warranty on that refrigerator or car you bought sounds like a good idea. But most extended warranties aren’t worth the money. Why? The fine print may not include likely problems, or you may be buying duplicate coverage. A better plan? Open a savings account and sock away money for any repairs that might come up.</p> <p><strong>Impulse buys</strong></p> <p>Spur-of-the-moment buys can cost you more in the long term, because you may not really need them, or you haven’t shopped around for better deals. Really want something? Take a 24-hour breather and see if you still do.</p> <p><strong>Name brands</strong></p> <p>Brand names can be tempting when it comes to consumer products like cereals and soaps. But the generic versions work just as well. And when it comes to medications, generic versions can cost between 30 and 80 percent less than brand-name drugs. Ask your doctor to specify on the prescription that generic medications should be substituted for name brands.</p> <p><strong>Phantom electricity</strong></p> <p>Everyone wants to make sure their electronic devices are charged. But keeping your laptop and phone plugged in once they’re at full power is costing you – especially with high energy prices. To save money, make sure to power down your devices when you’re not using them and use a power strip to easily turn off several electronics at once.</p> <p><strong>Procrastinating</strong></p> <p>You might think it’s a good idea to wait for last-minute deals, but procrastinating can cost you in the long run. Plane tickets and hotel rooms can get more expensive the closer to the date. And procrastinating on saving money will mean less down the road.</p> <p><strong>Speeding</strong></p> <p>Rushing to get somewhere may be tempting, but it can also add up. On the highway, speeding can decrease your fuel mileage by up to 30 percent. That’s not counting what it will cost you if you get stopped for your leadfoot or hit another vehicle. So slow down and save.</p> <p><strong>Subscription boxes</strong></p> <p>The average subscription box costs between $10 and $40 per month, which means you could be spending well over $100 a year – on just one service. Think about whether you’re really using (and enjoying) the majority of the items in the box on a regular basis. If not, it might be time to cancel your subscription.</p> <p><strong>Unused memberships</strong></p> <p>You signed up for that gym membership with the best of intentions, but if you’re part of the 67 percent of people with a membership who never set foot in the gym, you could be wasting more than $700 a year. And if you’re a member of one of the fancier gyms, you’re wasting even more.</p> <p><strong>Tax deductions you're missing </strong></p> <p>Earned income tax credits were designed to help keep money in people’s pockets. But 20 percent of people who qualify for the deductions don’t take advantage of them. To make sure you get the deductions you’re entitled to, use an online tax program or hire a professional.</p> <p><strong>Wasted food</strong></p> <p>A trip to the grocery store may cost you money in more ways than one. Because of lack of planning, impulse buying, and cooking too much food, an average of one in five bags of groceries goes to waste. To save, make a plan before you go shopping, don’t go to the store hungry, and eat/freeze your leftovers.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/food-home-garden/money/ways-youre-wasting-money-without-knowing-it?pages=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>. </em></p>

Money & Banking

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Readers Respond: What do you think is a complete waste of money?

<p>With the cost of living on the rise, it is no wonder that people are looking for more ways to save.</p> <p>From bottled water to huge wedding celebrations, the Over60 readers were quite passionate on things they wouldn't spend their money on.</p> <p>Here are some of your thoughts on what you consider a complete waste of money.</p> <p>Linda Riddell - A big wedding celebration at a wedding venue with a professional photographer...</p> <p>Lynnette Ziya- Packaging around product that is not recycling.</p> <p>Marima Macaraeg - Saving all your money in the bank, praying it will earn lots of interests to make you richer. The truth is, your money will never make you rich if you hoard it all in the bank. If you take it out, buy resources or food and give it to the poor to feed the hungry, that will only be the time that your money will multiply and earn a priceless value called relevance.</p> <p>Laurie Thomas- Halloween.absolute commercial rubbish and waste of millions of dollars.</p> <p>Catherine Misios- Bottled water</p> <p>Ruth Donnelly - Buying bottled water and things you'll never use or eat just because they're on sale.</p> <p>Narelle Noppers - Black Friday sales. It's just making people spend more than they should.</p> <p>Christine Noble-Watson - Ready peeled and sliced fruit and vegetables</p> <p>Raymond Wagner- Extended warranty</p> <p>Lyn Mcgowran- Cream and potions to get rid of wrinkles.</p> <p>Suzanne Jones- Designer handbags</p> <p>Perhaps some of these will come in handy for you in the future. If you have any other things you consider a complete waste of money, share it <a href="https://www.facebook.com/oversixtyNZ/posts/pfbid031JZHSyGPkosxLiQpPf1fezxQj1sRaH3nzP6XJPc8vYRnX6QVJX7T9mZaJ99gFwQEl" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here</a>.</p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Money & Banking

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You’re wasting your money if you’re buying these 13 things in brand-new condition

<p><strong>Exercise equipment</strong></p> <p>There’s a good chance exercise equipment like treadmills, ellipticals, and dumbbells, are still in good condition.</p> <p>“Many people buy these items with the intentions of starting a regimen but fall off quickly and then try to unload these bulky goods that take up too much room,” says consumer and money-saving expert Andrea Woroch.</p> <p>Just make sure to research the brand and test the equipment before you buy, she says. In addition to the usual spots like garage sales, a local gym that’s getting renovated might be selling old equipment at killer prices, says Woroch.</p> <p><strong>Hand tools</strong></p> <p>There are so many used hand tools like hammers and wrenches on the market that there’s no reason to buy new, says Shelton.</p> <p>If you’re on the market, he recommends checking out a surprising spot.</p> <p>“Pawnshops are a great place for used tools,” says Shelton.</p> <p>“A lot of times they’re coming from trade because people change jobs.”</p> <p><strong>Gift cards</strong></p> <p>“Buying gift cards used may seem like an unusual idea, but it’s actually becoming more mainstream as a unique way to save money,” says Woroch. </p> <p>You can save 10 to 30 percent on store credit at your go-to shops, or gift cards to give as presents, she says.</p> <p><strong>Tech gadgets</strong></p> <p>At the rate new technology comes out, a used phone or laptop from five years ago probably isn’t worth the buy.</p> <p>But last year’s model could be a great value without making you feel like a dinosaur.</p> <p>For instance, Apple sells certified refurbished laptops and computers with limited warranties.</p> <p>Head to a big-box store or phone carrier for a refurbished smartphone, which are usually good quality, says Shelton.</p> <p>Beware of buying used tech from companies you don’t know though.</p> <p>“It’s already an off-brand, cheaply made product,” he says.</p> <p>“If it’s been refurbished, it’s already had an issue, so there’s a pretty good chance it won’t last very long.”</p> <p><strong>Sports gear</strong></p> <p>Equipment for specific sports, like skis or golf clubs, are also a good idea to pick up used, says Shelton.</p> <p>Beginners often buy the items but don’t stick with the sport, meaning the gear is still in great condition.</p> <p>And if you don’t want to be that person shelling out hundreds on a sport you or your kid doesn’t love, you won’t lose much on a used version.</p> <p>“If you find out you don’t like it, you could sell it to someone else and save money in the process,” says Shelton.</p> <p><strong>Vehicles</strong></p> <p>“New cars lose considerable value as soon as they leave the dealership’s lot, so it’s always best to buy used,” says Woroch.</p> <p>Find a model that’s a year old and doesn’t have many miles for a like-new ride that costs way less.</p> <p>You can even find cars on sites like Gumtree or eBay, but don’t take the price at face value.</p> <p>Always negotiate with the seller.</p> <p><strong>Furniture</strong></p> <p>You can save tons of cash on furniture by buying preowned instead of new, especially if you shop at the right time.</p> <p>Tax season, spring-cleaning time, and the holidays usually have the best prices and most options because people are often trying to downsize or sell those big-ticket items, says Shelton.</p> <p><strong>Clothing</strong></p> <p>Thrifting your clothes can save you up to 90 percent on everything from jeans to tuxedos, says Woroch. Baby clothes are especially good to buy used.</p> <p>“They’re going to outgrow it so fast,” says Shelton.</p> <p>There’s a good chance the original buyers over-bought or received the outfits as gifts, so items are often like-new or even unworn.</p> <p>Low price tags make consignment shops a good way to test-run trends that you’re not sure you’ll stick with, says Shelton.</p> <p>Even if you get sick of that pair of jeans by next year, you won’t waste much money.</p> <p>Footwear is the one exception.</p> <p>Shoes tend to wear around a person’s specific foot shape, so a used pair probably won’t be too comfy, says Shelton.</p> <p>Cleaning antique clothing is an exercise in avoiding modern con­veniences, which are generally too harsh for fragile fabrics.</p> <p><strong>Musical instruments</strong></p> <p>Older models of musical instruments might actually be better quality than the ones you’ll find new on the shelf.</p> <p>“Corporations find ways to cut corners and use plastic vs. metal,” says Shelton.</p> <p>“Newer technology doesn’t have the same kind of tonal quality and build.”</p> <p>Do a bit of research before you buy, and test the instrument if you can.</p> <p><strong>Large appliances</strong></p> <p>Ask the sellers how long they’ve been using it, and test it to make sure it works before you put any money down.</p> <p>You could also head to an appliance repair shop to see if they’re selling refurbished items.</p> <p>“That’s a good buy if it’s a good price, because it’s been looked over by a technician who knows what they’re doing and can make sure it will work for you,” says Shelton.</p> <p>As a bonus, those shops will probably take your old one off your hands when they deliver the new-to-you one, so you don’t have a bulky appliance lying around.</p> <p><strong>Textbooks</strong></p> <p>“The unwritten rule is never buy textbooks new,” says Shelton.</p> <p>“Sometimes you find nice little gems in there, like people highlighted things on your test or let good notes.”</p> <p>Buying used textbooks used to be a wild race, but with eBooks surging, it’s easier to find what you want, he says.</p> <p><strong>Bikes</strong></p> <p>A new bicycle can cost hundreds of dollars, but a used one will cost a fraction of the price.</p> <p>You can even buy just the frame, and beef it up with more expensive parts from another seller, she says.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/money/youre-wasting-your-money-if-youre-buying-these-13-things-brand-new-condition?pages=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader's Digest</a>. </em></p>

Home & Garden

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You’re wasting your money if you’re buying these 13 things in brand-new condition

<p>Used items can be the same great quality at a fraction of the price. Let someone else do all the hard work breaking these things in.</p> <p><strong>Exercise equipment</strong></p> <p>There’s a good chance exercise equipment like treadmills, ellipticals, and dumbbells, are still in good condition.</p> <p>“Many people buy these items with the intentions of starting a regimen but fall off quickly and then try to unload these bulky goods that take up too much room,” says consumer and money-saving expert Andrea Woroch.</p> <p>Just make sure to research the brand and test the equipment before you buy, she says. In addition to the usual spots like garage sales, a local gym that’s getting renovated might be selling old equipment at killer prices, says Woroch.</p> <p><strong>Hand tools</strong></p> <p>There are so many used hand tools like hammers and wrenches on the market that there’s no reason to buy new, says Shelton.</p> <p>If you’re on the market, he recommends checking out a surprising spot.</p> <p>“Pawnshops are a great place for used tools,” says Shelton.</p> <p>“A lot of times they’re coming from trade because people change jobs.”</p> <p><strong>Gift cards</strong></p> <p>“Buying gift cards used may seem like an unusual idea, but it’s actually becoming more mainstream as a unique way to save money,” says Woroch. You can save 10 to 30 percent on store credit at your go-to shops, or gift cards to give as presents, she says.</p> <p><strong>Tech gadgets</strong></p> <p>At the rate new technology comes out, a used phone or laptop from five years ago probably isn’t worth the buy.</p> <p>But last year’s model could be a great value without making you feel like a dinosaur.</p> <p>For instance, Apple sells certified refurbished laptops and computers with limited warranties.</p> <p>Head to a big-box store or phone carrier for a refurbished smartphone, which are usually good quality, says Shelton.</p> <p>Beware of buying used tech from companies you don’t know though.</p> <p>“It’s already an off-brand, cheaply made product,” he says.</p> <p>“If it’s been refurbished, it’s already had an issue, so there’s a pretty good chance it won’t last very long.”</p> <p><strong>Sports gear</strong></p> <p>Equipment for specific sports, like skis or golf clubs, are also a good idea to pick up used, says Shelton.</p> <p>Beginners often buy the items but don’t stick with the sport, meaning the gear is still in great condition.</p> <p>And if you don’t want to be that person shelling out hundreds on a sport you or your kid doesn’t love, you won’t lose much on a used version.</p> <p>“If you find out you don’t like it, you could sell it to someone else and save money in the process,” says Shelton.</p> <p><strong>Vehicles</strong></p> <p>“New cars lose considerable value as soon as they leave the dealership’s lot, so it’s always best to buy used,” says Woroch.</p> <p>Find a model that’s a year old and doesn’t have many miles for a like-new ride that costs way less.</p> <p>You can even find cars on sites like Gumtree or eBay, but don’t take the price at face value.</p> <p>Always negotiate with the seller.</p> <p><strong>Furniture</strong></p> <p>You can save tons of cash on furniture by buying preowned instead of new, especially if you shop at the right time.</p> <p>Tax season, spring-cleaning time, and the holidays usually have the best prices and most options because people are often trying to downsize or sell those big-ticket items, says Shelton.</p> <p>Even if your buy doesn’t look the right colour at first, you can easily treat and stain it.</p> <p><strong>Clothing</strong></p> <p>Thrifting your clothes can save you up to 90 percent on everything from jeans to tuxedos, says Woroch. Baby clothes are especially good to buy used.</p> <p>“They’re going to outgrow it so fast,” says Shelton.</p> <p>There’s a good chance the original buyers over-bought or received the outfits as gifts, so items are often like-new or even unworn.</p> <p>Low price tags make consignment shops a good way to test-run trends that you’re not sure you’ll stick with, says Shelton.</p> <p>Even if you get sick of that pair of jeans by next year, you won’t waste much money.</p> <p>Footwear is the one exception.</p> <p>Shoes tend to wear around a person’s specific foot shape, so a used pair probably won’t be too comfy, says Shelton.</p> <p>Cleaning antique clothing is an exercise in avoiding modern con­veniences, which are generally too harsh for fragile fabrics.</p> <p><strong>Musical instruments</strong></p> <p>Older models of musical instruments might actually be better quality than the ones you’ll find new on the shelf.</p> <p>“Corporations find ways to cut corners and use plastic vs. metal,” says Shelton.</p> <p>“Newer technology doesn’t have the same kind of tonal quality and build.”</p> <p>Do a bit of research before you buy, and test the instrument if you can.</p> <p><strong>Large appliances</strong></p> <p>Ask the sellers how long they’ve been using it, and test it to make sure it works before you put any money down.</p> <p>You could also head to an appliance repair shop to see if they’re selling refurbished items.</p> <p>“That’s a good buy if it’s a good price, because it’s been looked over by a technician who knows what they’re doing and can make sure it will work for you,” says Shelton.</p> <p>As a bonus, those shops will probably take your old one off your hands when they deliver the new-to-you one, so you don’t have a bulky appliance lying around.</p> <p><strong>Textbooks</strong></p> <p>“The unwritten rule is never buy textbooks new,” says Shelton.</p> <p>“Sometimes you find nice little gems in there, like people highlighted things on your test or let good notes.”</p> <p>Buying used textbooks used to be a wild race, but with eBooks surging, it’s easier to find what you want, he says.</p> <p><strong>Bikes</strong></p> <p>A new bicycle can cost hundreds of dollars, but a used one will cost a fraction of the price.</p> <p>You can even buy just the frame, and beef it up with more expensive parts from another seller, she says.</p> <p><em><span id="docs-internal-guid-e5703e99-7fff-6440-d47d-6cf00dc79d0b">Written by Marissa Laliberte. This article first appeared in <a href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/money/youre-wasting-your-money-if-youre-buying-these-13-things-brand-new-condition" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reader’s Digest</a>. For more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, <a href="http://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA87V" target="_blank" rel="noopener">here’s our best subscription offer.</a></span></em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Money & Banking

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Mobile phone hoarding: e-waste not good news for the environment

<p>What happened to your previous mobile phone after you upgraded or replaced it? Did it go in a drawer? A box in the garage, perhaps?</p> <p>Today marks International E Waste Day, with this year’s slogan, “Recycle it all, no matter how small!”, specifically targeting small devices with a high recycling value that are often hoarded for years before they become waste.</p> <p>It’s a timely reminder, as results from surveys conducted across Europe suggest that the roughly 5.3 billion mobiles and smartphones dropping out of use this year would reach a height of around 50,000 km if stacked flat and on top of each other.</p> <p>That’s well-and-truly over the average orbiting height of the International Space Station and about an eighth of the distance to the moon.</p> <p>“In 2022 alone, small EEE (Electrical and Electronic Equipment) items such as cell phones, electric toothbrushes, toasters and cameras produced worldwide will weigh an estimated total of 24.5 million tonnes – four times the weight of the Great Pyramid of Giza”, says Magdalena Charytanowicz of the WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) Forum, responsible for organising <a href="https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/events/international-e-waste-day-2022/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">International E Waste Day</a>. “And these small items make up a significant proportion of the 8% of all e-waste thrown into trash bins and eventually landfilled or incinerated.”</p> <p>With their valuable components of <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/critical-minerals-mining-australia/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">gold, copper, silver, palladium and other materials</a>, mobile phones ranked fourth amongst small Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) hoarded or unrecoverably discarded – that is put in draws, cupboards or garages – rather than repaired or recycled – or sent to landfill or for incineration.</p> <p>The surveys ran for four months from June 2022 and covered 8,775 households across Portugal, Netherlands, Italy, Romani, Slovenia and the UK and asked participants about common items such as phones, tablets, laptops, electric tools, hair dryers, toasters and other appliances. The top five hoarded small EEE products were (in order): small electronics and accessories (e.g., headphones, remotes), small equipment (e.g., clocks, irons), small IT equipment (e.g., hard drives, routers, keyboards, mice), mobile and smartphones, small food preparation appliances (e.g., toasters, grills).</p> <p>Italy hoarded the highest number of small EEE products, while Lebanon hoarded the least.</p> <p>You might recognise some of the reasons given, which included potential future use, plans to sell or give away, sentimental value, future value, use in a secondary residence or contains sensitive data. Others were also unsure how to dispose of the item or felt there was no incentive to recycle it, and some argued that they’d forgotten, didn’t have time or that the item didn’t take up very much space.</p> <p>This is a shame because such items, despite being small, pack a big punch in recyclability.</p> <div class="newsletter-box"> <div id="wpcf7-f6-p218602-o1" class="wpcf7" dir="ltr" lang="en-US" role="form"> </div> </div> <p>“We focussed this year on small e-waste items because it is very easy for them to accumulate unused and unnoticed in households, or to be tossed into the ordinary garbage bin”, says Pascal Leroy, Director General of the WEEE Forum, who have organised International E Waste Day. “People tend not to realise that all these seemingly insignificant items have a lot of value, and together at a global level represent massive volumes.”</p> <p>“These devices offer many important resources that can be used in the production of new electronic devices or other equipment, such as wind turbines, electric car batteries or solar panels – all crucial for the green, digital transition to low-carbon societies,” says Charytanowicz.</p> <h4>What can be done about e-waste?</h4> <p>At the governmental level, there are a number of initiatives including legislation that are coming into effect or being tightened up in order to address this increasing problem.</p> <p>“The continuing growth in the production, consumption and disposal of electronic devices has huge environmental and climate impacts,” says Virginijus Sinkevičius, European Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries. “The European Commission is addressing those with proposals and measures throughout the whole product life-cycle, starting from design until collection and proper treatment when electronics become waste.”</p> <p>“Moreover, preventing waste and recovering important raw materials from e-waste is crucial to avoid putting more strain on the world’s resources. Only by establishing a <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/technology/can-a-circular-economy-eliminate-e-waste/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">circular economy</a> for electronics, the EU will continue to lead in the efforts to urgently address the fast-growing problem of e-waste.”</p> <p>There is also a role for more education and communication.</p> <p>Launched today by UNITAR, the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), is the first self-paced e-waste<a href="https://www.uncclearn.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> online training course</a> open to anyone. A UNITAR certificate is available upon graduation of the roughly 1.5-hour course which aims to use scientific findings in a practical way for international training and capacity building,” says Nikhil Seth, UNITAR’s Executive Director.</p> <p>Finally, The WEEE Forum has been actively involved in collecting, de-polluting, recycling or preparing for re-use more than 30 million tonnes of WEEE and has also run communication campaigns for almost twenty years.</p> <p>“Providing collection boxes in supermarkets, pick up of small broken appliances upon delivery of new ones and offering PO Boxes to return small e-waste are just some of the initiatives introduced to encourage the return of these items,” says WEEE’s Leroy.</p> <p>At the personal level, all you have to do is quite your hoarding habits and recycle, instead!</p> <p><img id="cosmos-post-tracker" style="opacity: 0; height: 1px!important; width: 1px!important; border: 0!important; position: absolute!important; z-index: -1!important;" src="https://syndication.cosmosmagazine.com/?id=218602&amp;title=Mobile+phone+hoarding%3A+e-waste+not+good+news+for+the+environment" width="1" height="1" /></p> <div id="contributors"> <p><em><a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/earth/e-waste-mobile-phone-bad-news-environment/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">This article</a> was originally published on <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cosmos Magazine</a> and was written by <a href="https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributor/clare-kenyon" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Clare Kenyon</a>. </em></p> <p><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p> </div>

Technology

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Why people stay in unhappy relationships

<p>Why is it that so many people stick it out in relationships that are clearly not working? It could be something to do with the sunk cost effect of the relationship – they’ve already invested so much time and effort into it that they aren’t willing to just let it go.</p> <p>It’s a bit like spending money on an old car when you know it’s not going to last much longer – but you’ve already spent so much on it and owned it for so long that you find it hard to cut your losses and move on.</p> <p><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><strong><a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-016-9529-9">In a study</a></strong></span> released in late 2016 in Current Psychology, researchers found that people tended to focus more on how much time they’ve been in a relationship as a way of determining whether it was worth sticking with (even if it wasn’t the right partnership for them). So people felt as though they would rather stay in the relationship than feel as though they had somehow wasted the last few years of their life.</p> <p>The study gave participants different scenarios, and they were asked to decide whether they would ‘stay or go’ in the relationship. The results showed that participants were willing to spend more time trying to fix a longer term (say, ten year) relationship than if it was shorter term (such as one year).</p> <p>They key takeaway for the findings then, could be that if a relationship doesn’t feel right in the beginning, don’t wait too long to end it. Or you could find yourself stuck in a loveless relationship because your brain tells you that it’s better than having wasted all that time.</p> <p>Do you know anyone who has fallen victim to the sunk cost effect in love?</p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Relationships

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6 ways to reduce food waste

<p>Up to 30% of the food we buy is wasted, at an estimated national cost of over $5 billion a year. However, there are many ways you can reduce your food waste, and it starts just by being aware of your habits both in the kitchen and while shopping for food. Change can easily happen just by putting conscious effort into everyday actions to live a more sustainable life.</p> <p><strong>1. Use up leftovers</strong></p> <p>Instead of throwing out half heads of broccoli or cauliflower, or binning half a capsicum, turn them into soups, sauté them for a side dish or chop or shred them into salads. Save any vegetable peelings and trimmings to make stock. Onion ends, carrot and potato peelings – anything goes when it comes to stock. Freeze it in usable portions for easy use in meals. Also think about repurposing leftovers i.e. plan for the leftover roast chicken to become tomorrow night’s casserole or stir-fry.</p> <p><strong>2. Be creative</strong></p> <p>Got some sad, ugly looking apples? Make apple sauce. Squishy tomatoes? Tomato sauce. Just because some produce was forgotten in your fridge a few extra days doesn’t mean that it needs to be thrown away. Many fruits and vegetables that you mightn’t want to eat whole are still fine for juicing, smoothies or can be frozen for future use.</p> <p><strong>3. Store it properly</strong></p> <p>Fresh herbs and delicate lettuces last longer if removed from the original packaging, washed, dried and stored in resealable plastic bags. Some fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, apples, oranges, potatoes, onions and garlic, are best stored at room temperature instead of in the refrigerator. Meat, fish and plenty of leftovers can also be frozen for later use. Use proper airtight containers for most things including grains and flours to help optimise shelf life.</p> <p><strong>4. Compost</strong></p> <p>Whether you have a compost at home for your garden or a kitchen waste Insinkerator system, not throwing perished food into the garbage will keep it out of landfill and reduce the environmental consequences of food waste. Composting is also a natural way of returning nutrients to the soil if you have a garden at home.</p> <p><strong>5. Make lists and meal plans</strong></p> <p>Don’t go overboard on the organisation here, but do think ahead before doing big grocery shops. Think of what you’ll make during the week so that you have the right ingredients in quantities that won’t go to waste. And when the ingredients in your home don’t make an obvious meal, revert back to number two, and try to be creative and flexible in what you eat. You can find a recipe online to use up just about anything. Sticking to your shopping list will also reduce impulse buys.</p> <p><strong>6. Keep an eye on your use by dates</strong></p> <p>Cut down on waste by not letting food go out of date. Be conscious that “use-by” is a food safety guide and literally means don’t eat after the end of the “use-by date”, but “best before” is a quality guide and you may still use it after the “best before date” as long as the item isn’t not damaged, deteriorated or perished.</p> <p><em>Image: Getty</em></p>

Food & Wine

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Five ways to reduce waste (and save money) on your home renovation

<p>On average, renovating a home generates <a href="https://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9364%281996%29122%3A1%2855%29">far more waste</a> than building a new one from scratch. </p> <p>This waste goes straight to landfill, damaging the environment. It also hurts your budget: first you have to pay for demolition, then the new materials, and then disposal of leftover building products.</p> <p>By keeping waste in mind from the start and following some simple guidelines, you can reduce the waste created by your home renovation.</p> <h2>1. It starts with the design</h2> <p>Waste is often treated as inevitable, factored into a building budget with no serious attempt to reduce it.</p> <p>By raising the issue early with your architect, designer or builder, they can make decisions at the design stage that reduce waste later. Often the designers and architects don’t see their decisions contributing to waste – or rather, they don’t really think about it. </p> <p>During my research on reducing construction waste, I asked one architect what he thought happens to the waste generated. He laughed with a glint in his eyes and said, “I think it disappears into pixie dust!” </p> <p>One simple early decision that dramatically reduces waste is designing with material sizes in mind. If you have a ceiling height that does not match the plasterboard sheet, you end up with a tiny little strip that has to be cut out of a full sheet. In the case of bricks, not matching the ceiling height is even more wasteful. </p> <p>Obviously not all materials will work together at their standard sizes (and you need to fit your renovation to the existing house). But sensitive design can make intelligent trade-offs, reducing overall waste. </p> <p>When I asked architects why they don’t design zero-waste buildings more often, they said clients don’t ask for it. Make it part of your brief, and ask the architect how they can save money by using the materials efficiently.</p> <h2>2. Get your builder involved early</h2> <p>If you’re using an architect for your renovation, it’s common to have very little collaboration between them and the builder. Any errors or issues are usually spotted after construction has begun, requiring expensive and wasteful rework. </p> <p>Instead, ask your architect and builder to collaborate on a waste management plan. Such integrated approaches have worked well in <a href="https://www.pwc.com.au/legal/assets/collaborative-contracting-mar18.pdf">Australia and the United States</a>. </p> <p>This means clients, engineers and builders are collaborating, rather than taking adversarial roles. For such contracts to work, it’s important to involve all parties early in the project, and to encourage cooperation.</p> <p>The briefing stage is an opportunity for architects, quantity surveyors and builders to work together to identify a waste minimisation target.</p> <h2>3. Whatever you do, don’t change your mind</h2> <p>One the biggest contributions to waste on sites is late design changes. Client-led design changes are identified in all literature as having far-reaching implications on waste. </p> <p>These are mostly due to owners changing their mind once something is built. Reworking any part of a building due to design changes can account for as much as <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283714629_Impacts_Of_Design_Changes_on_Construction_Project_Performance_Insights_From_A_Literature_Review">50% of the cost overrun</a>, as well as causing delays and generating waste.</p> <p>The early work with your design and construction team outlined in the first steps gives you the chance to make sure you’re committed to your original design. Skimping in the planning stage can end up costing you far more in the long run. </p> <h2>4. Deconstruction, not demolition</h2> <p>Ask your builder not to demolish the building, but to deconstruct it. Deconstruction means taking a building apart and recovering materials for recycling and reuse. This provides opportunities for sorting materials on site. </p> <p>Salvaged materials can be resold to the community or reused in the renovations. It greatly reduces the tip fees which are usually higher for mixed waste (typical from demolition process) and lower for sorted waste. </p> <p>Of course this takes more time and has an additional cost. Therefore you do have to balance the cost of deconstruction against the savings.</p> <p>Denmark, which recycles <a href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/studies/deliverables/CDW_Denmark_Factsheet_Final.pdf">86% of its construction waste</a>, has made it mandatory for all government buildings to undergo selective demolition and sorting of construction waste. A good place to start in Australia is your state environment department, which may have <a href="https://www.epa.nsw.gov.au/-/media/epa/corporate-site/resources/managewaste/100080-house-deconstruction.pdf?la=en&amp;hash=CD70BEEF7EC72CEBC3641F46F1DBE19862DAED1D">guidelines</a> on what is involved.</p> <h2>5. Choose materials carefully</h2> <p>Good-quality materials last longer, reducing maintenance later. Choosing manufacturers that use minimal packaging also reduces waste (be careful here to check the difference between “minimal” and “inadequate” packaging, as the latter can mean your <a href="http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/30123/7/Saheed%20Thesis_Final%20Copy.pdf">material breaks</a>).</p> <p>Reusing materials from your renovation may also be an option (you will need to discuss this with architect and builder at the beginning of the project). Finally, using materials with recycled content is a great option, and boosts our recycling industry. </p> <p>In March 2017 the <a href="https://hia.com.au/-/media/HIA-Website/Files/Media-Centre/Media-Releases/2017/national/Home-Renovations-Australias-Next-Building-Boom.ashx">Housing Industry Association</a> released data suggesting the Australian residential building industry will increasingly become more dependent on renovation work rather than new construction,</p> <p>If you’re renovating your home, making efficiency and low waste a priority helps cut costs and reduce landfill.</p> <p><em>Image credits: Getty Images</em></p> <p><em>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/five-ways-to-reduce-waste-and-save-money-on-your-home-renovation-103942" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.</em></p>

Home & Garden

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Boomers are thrifty shoppers and Aussies throw out more than we think

<p dir="ltr">Fast fashion has become the subject of much criticism lately, mostly because of its reliance on cruel (and often illegal) conditions for workers, and its enormous toll on the environment – including increases in clothing heading to landfill.</p> <p dir="ltr">A new report from Vanish has found that the average Australian buys 27kg of new clothes and discards 23kg every year, with the nation throwing away a whopping $6 billion worth in this past financial year.</p> <p dir="ltr">The report, called <em>Stain on the Nation</em>, asked Aussies about their clothing habits and their opinions on everything from whether you should throw clothes in the red bin or donate to charity, to how much waste they think they throw out each year.</p> <p><span id="docs-internal-guid-6aeb0c8e-7fff-232b-0a92-b80ffc2b9a9b"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">It found that 6,000kg of clothing enters landfill every ten minutes, which is a serious issue considering clothing takes years to break down and releases carbon emissions in the process.</p> <blockquote class="instagram-media" style="background: #FFF; border: 0; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width: 540px; min-width: 326px; padding: 0; width: calc(100% - 2px);" data-instgrm-captioned="" data-instgrm-permalink="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cb_UWlUPzX3/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" data-instgrm-version="14"> <div style="padding: 16px;"> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 19% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: block; height: 50px; margin: 0 auto 12px; width: 50px;"> </div> <div style="padding-top: 8px;"> <div style="color: #3897f0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 550; line-height: 18px;">View this post on Instagram</div> </div> <div style="padding: 12.5% 0;"> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;"> <div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: 8px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg);"> </div> </div> <div style="margin-left: auto;"> <div style="width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);"> </div> <div style="width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);"> </div> </div> </div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;"> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;"> </div> <div style="background-color: #f4f4f4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;"> </div> </div> <p style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17px; margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 8px 0 7px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a style="color: #c9c8cd; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 17px; text-decoration: none;" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/Cb_UWlUPzX3/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading" target="_blank" rel="noopener">A post shared by UPPAREL (@upparelofficial)</a></p> </div> </blockquote> <p dir="ltr">Much of the country (40 percent) also believe that Australia ranks 6th and 12th place in the world for textile consumption per person, when in actual fact we are in second place, behind the US.</p> <p dir="ltr">Surprisingly, the report also found that those aged over 55 were the thriftiest of the different generations, with 76 percent spending less than $50 a month on new clothes. </p> <p dir="ltr">In comparison, 71 percent of 18-25-year-olds spend more than $50 a month on clothing.</p> <p dir="ltr">But the difference in spending could be attributed in part to the gap between the old age pension and the cost of living, with the Australian Bureau of Statistics revealing that living costs have increased by 3.4 percent for age pension households, versus 2.6 percent for working households, according to the <em><a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-04-03/what-the-rising-cost-of-living-means-on-australian-age-pension/100947258" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ABC</a></em>.</p> <p dir="ltr">Following the report, Vanish announced a new campaign, with texticle upcycler Upparel, to divert one million clothing items from landfill over the next two years, starting with an installation of 3,000kg of clothing at Sydney’s Bondi Beach and in St Kilda, Melbourne.</p> <p dir="ltr"><span id="docs-internal-guid-1ef36b88-7fff-3c73-f0b8-059c6c872baf"></span></p> <p dir="ltr">With 6,000kg across both cities, the installations are meant to represent the amount of clothing thrown away every 10 minutes.</p> <p dir="ltr"><em>Image: Getty Images</em></p>

Beauty & Style

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Older people can struggle with sustainable living

<p><em>Image: Getty</em></p> <p>Improving the sustainability of Australia’s housing stock is<span> </span>crucial<span> </span>to meeting national emissions reduction goals. But for older adults, such changes can bring both benefits and challenges.</p> <p>My<span> </span>recent research<span> </span>examined the literature on environmental sustainability measures at residences for older adults. These included private homes, retirement villages and nursing homes.</p> <p>I found that while sustainability measures can bring multiple benefits to older people, they also bring challenges. For example, people living in sustainable dwellings may use less energy and water which leads to lower bills. But older people may suffer cognitive decline and struggle to use sustainable technology devices.</p> <p>The full effects of environmentally sustainable features must be better understood if we’re to provide seniors with high-quality residential environments.</p> <h2>Sustainability and ageing: a complex mix</h2> <p>Forecasts suggest that by 2056,<span> </span>22% of Australians<span> </span>– or 8.7 million people – will be aged 65 or older. High-quality residential environments are important to maintaining the welfare of these people as they age.</p> <p>Environmental sustainability is playing an ever greater role in residential development across the board, including retirement villages. And<span> </span>previous research<span> </span>suggests most retirement village residents want to lead more sustainable lifestyles.</p> <p>As climate change worsens, the dwellings of older adults should allow them to adapt to these changing conditions. The reduced ability of elderly people to regulate their body temperature means global warming is a profound threat to this group.</p> <p>Improving the sustainability of a residential environment may include:</p> <ul> <li>reducing waste</li> <li>using low carbon or recycled building materials</li> <li>solar passive design</li> <li>efficient heating and cooling</li> <li>using renewable energy such as rooftop solar.</li> </ul> <p>Some residential projects<span> </span>for the elderly already include environmental sustainability. A<span> </span>case study<span> </span>of a not-for-profit retirement village in South Australia revealed practices such as innovative floor plans, thermally efficient building materials, good window orientation and a water harvesting system.</p> <p>And my previous research<span> </span>found<span> </span>a range of sustainability features at eight private and not-for-profit retirement villages in Queensland.</p> <p>However, while many retirement village developers prioritise “social sustainability” features such as care provision and social interaction, environmental sustainability is<span> </span>largely ignored.</p> <h2>On the plus side</h2> <p>The benefits of environmentally sustainable features in in older adults’ residential environment include:</p> <p><strong>- reduced resource consumption:</strong><span> </span>sustainable dwellings usually require less water and energy use, which lowers living costs. This is especially important for older adults who often have reduced financial capacity after retirement. Older people also use energy<span> </span>more intensively<span> </span>than other groups because they have fewer household members, greater heating requirements and spend more time at home.</p> <p><strong>- reduced health risks:</strong><span> </span>environmentally sustainable measures can lead to healthier indoor environments. For example, good ventilation and high-quality air conditioning often lead to improved indoor air quality and more comfortable ambient temperatures.</p> <p><strong>- alleviated environmental challenges:</strong><span> </span>many older people want their homes to be more environmentally friendly. Doing their bit to alleviate global problems such as greenhouse gas emissions can provide them with peace of mind.</p> <h2>The potential downsides</h2> <p>The challenges of environmentally sustainable home features for older adults include:</p> <p><strong>- financial pressure:</strong><span> </span>the income of many older adults is substantially reduced after retirement. This<span> </span>can conflict<span> </span>with the high initial investment of developing an sustainable housing and the cost of replacing existing systems with sustainable ones.</p> <p><strong>- reducing energy consumption:</strong><span> </span>in some cases, sustainability measures can involve tolerating slightly higher or cooler temperatures. For example, moving from a gas-heating system to a more sustainable type may<span> </span>delay<span> </span>the arrival of heat in a room and leave older people uncomfortable for a short time. This may conflict with older people’s<span> </span>increased sensitivity<span> </span>to ambient temperatures.</p> <p><strong>- confusion and complexity:</strong><span> </span>Older adults can have<span> </span>reduced cognitive capabilities<span> </span>affecting memory and information processing speed. As a result they may struggle to use sustainable technologies such as smart thermostats. Research has<span> </span>suggested<span> </span>ways of overcoming this, such as better recognising the diversity of older adults to achieve a better “person-technology fit”.</p> <h2>Next steps</h2> <p>Older adults have unique needs which their homes<span> </span>must satisfy, even when sustainability features are being adopted.</p> <p>Ageing should be seen as a dynamic process with physical, psychological and social dimensions. And the complex interrelationships of ageing, environmental sustainability and the residential environment also need to be recognised.</p> <p>Best practices and lessons learned in creating sustainable living environments for older adults should be<span> </span>shared.</p> <p>Finally, developers making sustainability decisions should consult other stakeholders. These include contractors, occupational therapists, researchers and most importantly, older adults themselves.</p> <p>This article originally appeared on <a href="https://theconversation.com/confusion-financial-pressure-discomfort-older-people-can-struggle-with-sustainable-living-despite-its-obvious-benefits-174535">The Conversation.</a></p>

Retirement Life

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A supermarket in Britain has removed use-by dates in favour of the 'sniff test'

<p><em>Image: Getty </em></p> <p>Grocery chain ‘Morrisons’ is being slammed after announcing a decision to scrap “use-by” dates on milk, instead asking customers to use a “sniff test” to determine if the milk has gone bad.</p> <p>The supermarket will switch to using “best before” dates on 90% of its home brand milk packaging from the end of January, <em>The Sun</em> reports.</p> <p>The date will remain the same but Morrisons is asking customers to not automatically assume the milk is off, but instead sniff to see whether it has expired first.</p> <p>Best before dates indicate that a product will have a better quality if consumed before that day, but use by means food might not be safe to eat after that point and runs the risk of making the customer sick.</p> <p>Morrisons said the move is intended to reduce food wastage, as millions of litres of milk are thrown away each year.</p> <p>It is estimated that 48 million litres of milk are wasted due to customers following “use-by” labels.</p> <p>Research shows milk is often fine to be used days after the use-by date the supermarket said. So yes, customers are being encouraged to smell their milk to check if it has actually gone bad before throwing it away.</p> <p>A sour aroma or curdled consistency are both signs milk has been spoiled.</p> <p>Shoppers took to Twitter to complain about the decision, with many asking how they can smell the milk while in store.</p> <p>However, Morrisons said that won’t be necessary because it won’t sell milk that is near the best before date.</p> <p>One customer said: “So, Morrisons – can we open the bottle in order to sniff it before purchase? Or do we have to go home, sniff it, then bring it back if it’s off?”</p> <p>Another added: “I can open the milk whilst still in Morrisons to check then I guess?”</p> <p>Others pointed out that one of the main symptoms of Covid is losing your sense of smell.</p> <p>“Generations before us have always used the sniff test – and I believe we can too” According to Ian Goode, senior milk buyer at Morrisons.</p>

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A new approach finds materials that can turn waste heat into electricity

<p>The need to transition to clean energy is apparent, urgent and inescapable. We must limit Earth’s rising temperature to within 1.5 C to avoid the worst effects of climate change — an especially daunting challenge in the face of the steadily increasing global demand for energy.</p> <p>Part of the answer is using energy more efficiently. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.192">More than 72 per cent of all energy produced worldwide is lost in the form of heat</a>. For example, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-011-1580-6">the engine in a car uses only about 30 per cent of the gasoline it burns to move the car</a>. The remainder is dissipated as heat.</p> <p>Recovering even a tiny fraction of that lost energy would have a tremendous impact on climate change. Thermoelectric materials, which convert wasted heat into useful electricity, can help.</p> <p>Until recently, the identification of these materials had been slow. My colleagues and I have used quantum computations — a computer-based modelling approach to predict materials’ properties — to speed up that process and identify more than 500 thermoelectric materials that could convert excess heat to electricity, and help improve energy efficiency.</p> <h2>Making great strides towards broad applications</h2> <p>The transformation of heat into electrical energy by thermoelectric materials is based on the “Seebeck effect.” In 1826, German physicist <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18260820302">Thomas Johann Seebeck observed that exposing the ends of joined pieces of dissimilar metals to different temperatures generated a magnetic field</a>, which was later recognized to be caused by an electric current.</p> <p>Shortly after his discovery, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/jste-1.1875.0018">metallic thermoelectric generators were fabricated to convert heat from gas burners into an electric current</a>. But, as it turned out, <a href="https://www.electronics-cooling.com/2006/11/the-seebeck-coefficient/">metals exhibit only a low Seebeck effect</a> — they are not very efficient at converting heat into electricity.</p> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/437873/original/file-20211215-19-1nq0m8v.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/437873/original/file-20211215-19-1nq0m8v.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" alt="A black and white photo of a woman turning a dial on a large table top radio, with a lantern hanging above it." /></a> <span class="caption">The kerosene radio was designed for rural areas, and was powered by the kerosene lamp hanging above it. The flame created a temperature difference across metals to generate the electrical current.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">('Popular Science', Issue 6, 1956)</span></span></p> <p>In 1929, the Russian scientist <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ioffe-abram-fedorovich">Abraham Ioffe</a> revolutionized the field of thermoelectricity. He observed that semiconductors — materials whose ability to conduct electricity falls between that of metals (like copper) and insulators (like glass) — exhibit a significantly higher Seebeck effect than metals, boosting thermoelectric efficiency 40-fold, <a href="https://www.kelk.co.jp/english/useful/netsuden3.html">from 0.1 per cent to four per cent</a>.</p> <p>This discovery led to the development of the first widely used thermoelectric generator, <a href="https://swling.com/blog/2020/05/soviet-era-kerosene-lamp-generator-gives-new-meaning-to-lets-fire-up-the-radio/">the Russian lamp</a> — a kerosene lamp that heated a thermoelectric material to power a radio.</p> <h2>Are we there yet?</h2> <p>Today, thermoelectric applications range from energy generation in <a href="https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/what-radioisotope-power-system">space probes</a> to <a href="https://www.newair.com/blogs/learn/what-is-thermoelectric-cooling-and-is-it-right-for-you">cooling devices in portable refrigerators</a>. For example, space explorations are powered by radioisotope thermoelectric generators, <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/cassini/radioisotope-thermoelectric-generator/">converting the heat from naturally decaying plutonium into electricity</a>. In the movie <em>The Martian,</em> for example, a box of plutonium saved the life of the character played by Matt Damon, by keeping him warm on Mars.</p> <p><iframe width="440" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0CvzBu5sTps?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe> <span class="caption">In the 2015 film, <em>The Martian</em>, astronaut Mark Watney (Matt Damon) digs up a buried thermoelectric generator to use the power source as a heater.</span></p> <p>Despite this vast diversity of applications, wide-scale commercialization of thermoelectric materials is still limited by their low efficiency.</p> <p>What’s holding them back? Two key factors must be considered: the conductive properties of the materials, and their ability to maintain a temperature difference, which makes it possible to generate electricity.</p> <p>The best thermoelectric material would have the electronic properties of semiconductors and the poor heat conduction of glass. But this unique combination of properties is not found in naturally occurring materials. We have to engineer them.</p> <h2>Searching for a needle in a haystack</h2> <p>In the past decade, new strategies to engineer thermoelectric materials have emerged due to an enhanced understanding of their underlying physics. In a <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-01064-6">recent study in <em>Nature Materials</em></a>, researchers from Seoul National University, Aachen University and Northwestern University reported they had engineered a material called tin selenide with the highest thermoelectric performance to date, nearly twice that of 20 years ago. But it took them nearly a decade to optimize it.</p> <p>To speed up the discovery process, my colleagues and I have used quantum calculations to search for new thermoelectric candidates with high efficiencies. We searched a database containing thousands of materials to look for those that would have high electronic qualities and low levels of heat conduction, based on their chemical and physical properties. These insights helped us find the best materials to synthesize and test, and calculate their thermoelectric efficiency.</p> <p>We are almost at the point where thermoelectric materials can be widely applied, but first we need to develop much more efficient materials. With so many possibilities and variables, finding the way forward is like searching for a tiny needle in an enormous haystack.</p> <p>Just as a metal detector can zero in on a needle in a haystack, quantum computations can accelerate the discovery of efficient thermoelectric materials. Such calculations can accurately predict electron and heat conduction (including the Seebeck effect) for thousands of materials and <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MH01112F">unveil the previously hidden and highly complex interactions between those properties</a>, which can influence a material’s efficiency.</p> <p>Large-scale applications will require themoelectric materials that are inexpensive, non-toxic and abundant. Lead and tellurium are found in today’s thermoelectric materials, but their cost and negative environmental impact make them good targets for replacement.</p> <p>Quantum calculations can be applied in a way to search for specific sets of materials using parameters such as scarcity, cost and efficiency. Although those calculations can reveal optimum thermoelectric materials, synthesizing the materials with the desired properties remains a challenge.</p> <p>A multi-institutional effort involving government-run laboratories and universities in the United States, Canada and Europe has revealed more than <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TC01440A">500 previously unexplored materials</a> with high predicted thermoelectric efficiency. My colleagues and I are currently investigating the thermoelectric performance of those materials in experiments, and have already discovered new sources of high thermoelectric efficiency.</p> <p>Those initial results strongly suggest that further quantum computations can pinpoint the most efficient combinations of materials to make clean energy from wasted heat and the avert the catastrophe that looms over our planet.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/173472/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/jan-hendrik-pohls-1289084">Jan-Hendrik Pöhls</a>, McCall MacBain Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/mcmaster-university-930">McMaster University</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-new-approach-finds-materials-that-can-turn-waste-heat-into-electricity-173472">original article</a>.</p> <p><em>Image: (NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS), CC BY-NC</em></p>

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How to make roads with recycled waste, and pave the way to a circular economy

<p>It cost <a href="https://www.buildingfortomorrow.wa.gov.au/projects/russell-road-to-roe-highway/">A$49 million</a> to add 12.5 kilometres of extra lanes to Western Australia’s Kwinana Highway, south of Perth’s CBD. That’s not unusual. On average, building a single lane of road costs about about <a href="https://www.bitre.gov.au/sites/default/files/rr148.pdf">A$5 million per kilometre</a>.</p> <p>What is unusual about this stretch of extra freeway is not the money but the materials beneath the bitumen: two stabilising layers comprised of <a href="https://www.wasteauthority.wa.gov.au/images/resources/files/2021/06/RtR_Pilot_Report.pdf.pdf">25,000 tonnes of crushed recycled concrete</a>, about 90% of which came from the demolition of Subiaco Oval (once Perth’s premier football ground).</p> <p><iframe width="440" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jiFwKw3NTkk?wmode=transparent&amp;start=75" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p> <p>Recycling building and construction materials remains the exception to the rule in Australia. The<a href="https://www.awe.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/national-waste-policy-action-plan-2019.pdf"> National Waste Policy</a> agreed to by federal, state and territory governments has a target of 80% resource recovery by 2030. It’s currently <a href="https://www.awe.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/sustainable-procurement-guide.pdf">about 40%</a>.</p> <p>Of the 74 million tonnes of waste <a href="https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/5a160ae2-d3a9-480e-9344-4eac42ef9001/files/national-waste-report-2020.pdf">generated in Australia in 2020</a>, masonry materials comprised about 22.9 million tonnes. Plastics, by comparison, comprised about 2.5 million tonnes. Of the 61.5 million tonnes of “core waste” managed by the waste and resource recovery sector, 44% (27 million tonnes) came from the construction and demolition sector, compared with 20% (12.6 million tonnes) from households and local government activities.</p> <p>Most of this waste – concrete, brick, steel, timber, asphalt and plasterboard or cement sheeting – could be reused or recycled. It ends up in landfill due to simple economics. It’s cheaper to buy new materials and throw them away rather than reuse and recycle.</p> <p>Changing this equation and moving to a circular economy, in which materials are reused and recycled rather than discarded in landfill, is a key goal to reduce the impact of building and construction on the environment, including its contribution to climate change.</p> <h2>The economics of ‘externalities’</h2> <p>The fact it is more “economic” to throw materials away than reuse them is what economists call a market failure, driven by the problem of “externalities”. That is, the social and environmental costs of producing, consuming and throwing away materials is not reflected in the prices charged. Those costs are instead externalised – borne by others.</p> <p>In such cases there is a legitimate – and necessary – role for governments to intervene and correct the market failure. For an externality such as carbon emissions (imposing costs on future generations) the market-based solution favoured by most economists is a carbon price.</p> <p>For construction material waste, governments have a few more policy levers to help create a viable market for more recycling.</p> <h2>Using procurement policies</h2> <p>One way to make recycling more attractive to businesses would be to increase the cost of sending waste materials to landfill. But this would likely have unintended consequences, such as illegal dumping.</p> <p>The more obvious and effective approach is to help create more demand for recycled materials through government procurement, adopting policies that require suppliers to, for example, use a minimum amount of recycled materials.</p> <p>With enough demand, recyclers will invest in further waste recovery, reducing the costs. Lower costs in turn create the possibility of greater demand, creating a virtuous circle that leads to a circular economy.</p> <hr /> <p><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/432794/original/file-20211119-17-19fvngo.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/432794/original/file-20211119-17-19fvngo.png?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" alt="Diagram of the circular economy" /></a> <span class="caption"></span> <span class="attribution"><a href="https://www.awe.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/sustainable-procurement-guide.pdf" class="source">Australian Government, Sustainable Procurement Guide: A practical guide for Commonwealth entities, 2021</a></span></p> <p>Australia’s federal, state and territory governments all have sustainable procurement policies. The federal <a href="https://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/856a1de0-4856-4408-a863-6ad5f6942887/files/sustainable-procurement-guide.pdf">Sustainable Procurement Guide</a> states the Australian government “is committed to transforming Australia’s waste into a resource, where most goods and services can be continually used, reused, recycled and reprocessed as part of a circular economy”.</p> <p>But these policies lack some basic elements.</p> <h2>Three key market-making reforms</h2> <p>Our research suggests three important reforms could make a big difference to waste market operations. This is based on interviewing 27 stakeholders from the private sector and government about how to improve sustainable procurement.</p> <p>First, government waste policies that set aspirational goals are not supported by procurement policies setting mandatory minimum recycled content targets. All contractors on government-funded construction projects should be required to use a percentage of recycled waste materials.</p> <p>Second, the nature of salvaging construction materials means quality can vary significantly. Cement recycled from a demolition site, for example, could contain contaminants that reduce its durability.</p> <p>Governments can help the market through regularly auditing the quality of recycler’s processes, to increase buyer confidence and motivate suppliers to invest in production technologies.</p> <p>Third, in some states (such as Western Australia) the testing regimes for recycled construction products are more complex than that what applies to raw materials. More reasonable specifications would reduce compliance costs and thereby the cost of using recycled materials.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important;" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/164997/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" /><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: https://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/salman-shooshtarian-693412">Salman Shooshtarian</a>, Research Fellow, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/rmit-university-1063">RMIT University</a></em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/savindi-caldera-1187623">Savindi Caldera</a>, Research Fellow and Project Development Manager, Cities Research Institute, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a></em>; <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tayyab-maqsood-711277">Tayyab Maqsood</a>, Associate Dean and Head of of Project Management, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/rmit-university-1063">RMIT University</a></em>, and <a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/tim-ryley-1253269">Tim Ryley</a>, Professor and Head of Griffith Aviation, <em><a href="https://theconversation.com/institutions/griffith-university-828">Griffith University</a></em></span></p> <p>This article is republished from <a href="https://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/how-to-make-roads-with-recycled-waste-and-pave-the-way-to-a-circular-economy-164997">original article</a>.</p> <p><em>Image: Main Roads Western Australia</em></p>

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“17 days of hell”: Missing man charged for wasting police time

<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A New Zealand man who went missing with his three children has been charged with wasting police resources following a 17-day search for them.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Thomas Phillips, 34, is due to appear in the Te Kuiti District Court in November in relation to the search and rescue operation called Operation Marokopa.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“The man will be appearing on the 5th of November on a charge of causing wasteful deployment of police personnel and resources,” </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/marokopa-mystery-father-three-kids-spent-17-days-in-bush-man-charged-with-wasting-police-time/5ZYETBLUYJRDDQIDWLVKIY3PJY/" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">police said</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Operation Marokopa was related to the search for Mr Philips and his three young children: Jayda Jin, 8; Maverick Callum-Phillips, 6; and Ember Phillips, 5.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The family went missing on September 11 in a remote area of Marokopa, on New Zealand’s North Island.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The search began on September 12, when Mr Philips’ car was discovered below the tideline at nearby Kiritehere Beach.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">On September 28, Mr Phillips and his children </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.oversixty.co.nz/travel/travel-trouble/new-zealand-family-returns-home-safe-after-12-days-missing" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">appeared at his parents’ family home</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> in Marokopa.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Though he is yet to speak publicly about the disappearance, his family say he had taken the children camping in dense bush.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">He apologised to his sister for putting the family through the lengthy ordeal.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inspector Will Loughrin, Waikato West Area Commander, said the disappearance of Mr Phillips and his children put the rest of their family through “17 days of hell”.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Police said it was unclear how the group survived for so long in the rough conditions of the bush.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“They were using a tent. They were in dense bush area.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Inspector Loughrin said the group had set up a tent in an area about 15km away from where Mr Phillips’ ute was found.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">When he announced their return, Inspector Loughrin also said it was unknown how they got around the remote, forested areas, or whether they had any help.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The search effort saw police deploy a fixed-wing plane and drones to search the area, with the assistance of the Coastguard and Raglan and Taranaki surf lifesaving teams.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mayor John Robertson said the family’s sudden reappearance was “unreal” when interviewed at the time.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“After three weeks, all the sorts of emotions you go through of all those initial days of hope. We knew he was a good bushman … most thought he’d gone to the bush,” Mr Robertson said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“And then, you know, the search changed over the days. And now - wow. Most of us thought we would never see (this).”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Mr Robertson said it would be difficult to find someone in the area where Mr Phillips’ car was discovered.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“You really have to know it, but I guess he’s a bushman and he would know the area well,” Mr Robertson said.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“I guess he could live in a tent, though I don’t know the details of how long he was in the bush or where he was.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“That’s another mystery to this. Three weeks is a lot of time for kids to be with him and survive all that.”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Police said they would provide no further comments as the matter was before the courts.</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Images: Waikato Police / Facebook</span></em></p>

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13 silly wastes of money you don’t even think about

<p>Bring your lunch to work. Skip the daily latte. You know how to cut costs on a daily basis, or during particularly money-crunched times. But there are so many other, sneakier ways that expenses can creep on you. Before you do anything, though, it’s time for an attitude adjustment around spending, says financial wellness advocate Amanda Clayman. “We tend to mistakenly think of money in terms of racing toward some future paradise, where all the sacrifice we’ve made will turn into this abundance that we’ll enjoy forever,” she says. “You want to have balance when it comes to saving, where you’re enjoying what feels good to you today but also being mindful of what’s meaningful to you in the future. That way, you’ll feel empowered and not in competition with your future self.”</p> <p>We asked financial pros for silly, mindless ways we rack up money without realising it – and simple fixes that will make your wallet grow.</p> <p><strong>Not playing the interest rate game</strong></p> <p><span>If you haven’t shopped for a lower interest rate on your loan in the past 12 months, now’s the time, says Michael Foguth, founder of Foguth Financial Group. “Interest rates are at all-time lows, and odds are, you can get a lower, fixed-interest rate right now on your mortgage. I had clients, for example, who purchased a home last year and have already re-financed. They’re saving $100 a month now for the next 30 years. That’s $30,000 saved just with one phone call!” This goes for any loan you may have – car, mortgage, or even credit cards. Have debt? Now’s the time to consolidate it, suggests Foguth.</span></p> <p><strong>Forking over bank fees</strong></p> <p><span>Do you really need overdraft protection? Is your bank charging a monthly maintenance fee? “Remember: Your money should be working for you,” says debt-relief attorney Leslie Tayne, author of </span><em>Life &amp; Debt</em><span>. “I’m amazed that people pay fees for bank accounts. Shop around and let them compete for your business, see if you can get a free checking account, for example. There are a ton of banks out there, don’t think you’re locked into one just because you’ve been a customer for a while, or, if you have been a customer for a while, ask for deals.”</span></p> <p><strong>Not being a "list" person</strong></p> <p><span>Ever been to the mall for “just a couple of things”? (Yeah, us neither.) A workaround for this common phenomenon, suggests Foguth, is to utilise an online shopping service. “If you have someone shopping for you, you’re not going to have those impulse buys because they’re just sticking to your list. Another option is to use a store’s order pickup service, where they’ll prepare your order and bring it out to your car when you get there so you don’t have to go in.</span></p> <p><strong>Spacing out on subscriptions</strong></p> <p><span>In the era of autopay, it’s easy to forget about those extra charges that can easily add up. “Automated charges can work against you if you’re not paying attention to them,” says Foguth. “That’s why I advise people to audit their subscriptions on a quarterly basis. Just by going through your credit card statement, you might catch something you wouldn’t normally.” This goes for seasonal charges, too, he says. “I cancel my Peloton subscription in the summertime because I’d rather bike outside, and that saves me $40 a month on something I’m not using,” he says.</span></p> <p><strong>Being enticed by zero-interest credit cards</strong></p> <p><span>“Zero-interest credit cards are a great way to waste money because you end up paying more in the end as a general rule,” says Foguth. “You may think ‘oh, what a great deal’ but when you don’t pay it off, the interest accumulates. That’s why I suggest that you redline in the calendar somewhere when that introductory rate expires, so you don’t start getting charged without realising it.” Aim to pay it off in monthly increments before that date.</span></p> <p><strong>Not asking for discounts</strong></p> <p><span>“I ask for discounts all the time,” laughs Tayne. “Clothing stores. Wine stores. Using Groupon. Finding Facebook groups for deals. More often than not, when I ask if there are any deals or coupons, the salesperson says, ‘oh yeah, I have one.’ So why not ask?”</span></p> <p><strong>Not checking your phone bill</strong></p> <p><span>“You should regularly audit your phone bill,” says Foguth. “Things like paying for extra storage that you may not even realise you signed up for, or apps you forgot you ordered in the first place, can all add up.”</span></p> <p><strong>Being over-insured</strong></p> <p><span>“You should review your insurance plans every few years,” says Tayne. “Shop around to see if you can get your rates reduced. As you age, as circumstances and rates change, you may find that you can get better rates. Life insurance, for example, is a biggie. I see clients with huge life insurance policies when they’re considerably older, and they’re having trouble paying for their plan. Don’t feel that you’re locked into a particular rate; it’s always a good idea to periodically review your policies.”</span></p> <p><strong>Overpriced food and drink</strong></p> <p><span>According to a survey by finance-website The Ascent, three of the top ten money-wasters are food-and-drink related. Between the “grab and go” convenience factor of fast-food, paying for overpriced drinks on a summer night, or dining out more often during warmer months when you don’t feel like cooking, for example. Prudential’s financial wellness advocate Tiffany Aliche, aka The Budgetnista, recommends once-weekly no-money days, which will help you pinpoint daily consumption and see where you can cut back.</span></p> <p><strong>Having a store credit card</strong></p> <p><span>It happens to the best of us: You go clothes shopping and you leave the store with one extra credit card in your wallet thanks to the allure of 15 per cent off the day’s purchases. And so begins the slippery slope of regular, enticing email deals. “There’s no reason to have a card with a store that sends you ‘come shop, come shop’ messages because it encourages impulse buys,” says Tayne. “Some of my clients are reluctant to give up their credit cards because they get really good deals, but the thing is, you’re enticed to go into that store and make that purchase that you normally wouldn’t.”</span></p> <p><strong>Cutting out categories</strong></p> <p><span>When you’re trying to save money, it’s common to say “I can’t do brunch this month,” or “no lattes this week.” Clayman suggests to instead focus on a monetary amount rather than cut out a specific category. “This is where I see budgeting fail a lot, because people end up cutting out things that give them pleasure. Instead, if you’re trying to find $100 to put toward savings, and you know you spend $200 a month on meals with friends, just say that you’re going to bring down your food costs by $100 instead. Reduce the habit, don’t eliminate it, and you’ll be more likely to stick with it.”</span></p> <p><strong>Not getting to the root of your spending</strong></p> <p><span>The more you’re aware of how you use money for emotional reasons, the more you’ll be able to save, says Clayman. “If, for example, you had a rough day at work and are craving companionship to feel replenished, it’s easy to ask a friend for dinner,” she says. “Recognise instead that you have a social need, and look for something once in a while that doesn’t cost money but still fulfils your need for companionship, like taking a walk with your friend. Determining the underlying need is the first step toward making a more sustainable plan to satisfy that need.”</span></p> <p><strong>Forgetting to return items</strong></p> <p><span>Most of us have it: A pile of “looked good at the time” items that you “keep meaning” to return. It’s common: According to the survey by The Ascent, one of the top ten over-spending habits is forgetting to return items. Set aside a day to return those ill-fitting clothes, unwanted electronics, and other impulse buys you now don’t want or use.</span></p> <p><em><span style="font-weight: 400;">Written by <span>Megan McMorris</span></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. This article first appeared in </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://www.readersdigest.co.nz/food-home-garden/money/13-silly-wastes-of-money-you-dont-even-think-about" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reader’s Digest</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. Find more of what you love from the world’s best-loved magazine, </span><a rel="noopener" href="https://readersdigest.innovations.co.nz/c/readersdigestemailsubscribe?utm_source=over60&amp;utm_medium=articles&amp;utm_campaign=RDSUB&amp;keycode=WRA93V" target="_blank"><span style="font-weight: 400;">here’s our best subscription offer</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></em></p>

Retirement Income